Whatever you do, forget your petty reasons. For let's say you come up with ten reasons to guide or explain an action. You can then order these reasons by their causal or explanatory power, with the first being your strongest reason, followed by your secondary reason, and so on. Ordered that way, chances are that your primary reason is socially acceptable and morally respectable, rather than selfish and reprehensible. Now ask yourself: Is this because your individual will is so closely in … [Read more...]

To find out whether the ego is useful or not, we must first ask: useful for what? So let's see... Is the ego useful if you want to prevent others from walking all over you? No, the ego is not your spine, which would draw prudent boundaries. Rather, the ego is what overreacts when you are afraid that you might be perceived as weak. Maybe the ego is useful when you want to become successful? Well, for becoming successful the ego is not just useful, but necessary, because having … [Read more...]

What Happened With cheery eyes I look back at the past, embracing with love that which cannot be undone—in a great amor fati. With lucid eyes I look back at the past, striving for accuracy in my memories, treating them as historical facts that ought to be true, not emotionally valanced. With gloomy eyes I look back at the past, understanding that what I remember is bound to be distorted, bound to diverge from truth. What Will Happen With cheery eyes I look forth into the future, … [Read more...]

The ability to make decisions quickly and confidently is widely lauded in our culture. But whether decisiveness is a virtue or not seems to depend, as usual, on the context. Situation A. You know a lot about the relevant variables of your decision and you have reliable intuitions about how they interact and how tweaking them will affect the outcome of each potential action. This might be your situation at work: you are skilled and experienced enough to know what to do, so it's easy for you to … [Read more...]